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SEC. 7208. HIGH-PRIORITY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION INITIATIVES.
(a) In General.--Section 1672(d) of the Food, Agriculture,
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(d)) is amended--
(1) by striking paragraph (9) and inserting the following:
``(9) Coffee plant health initiative.--Research and
extension grants may be made under this section for the
purposes of--
``(A) developing and disseminating science-based
tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious
weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the
Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact
coffee plants;
``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest
management program in areas affected by, or areas at
risk of being affected by, plant pests or noxious weeds
(as so defined) that impact coffee plants;
``(C) surveying and collecting data on coffee plant
production and health;
``(D) investigating coffee plant biology,
immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
``(E) conducting research on--
``(i) factors that may contribute to or be
associated with coffee plant immune systems;
``(ii) other serious threats to coffee
plants, including the sublethal effects of
insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on
insects and plants beneficial to coffee plant
growth; and
``(iii) the development of mitigating and
preventative measures to improve habitat
conservation and best management practices in
coffee-growing regions.'';
(2) by striking paragraph (11) and inserting the following:
``(11) Macadamia tree health initiative.--Research and
extension grants may be made under this section for the
purposes of--
``(A) developing and disseminating science-based
tools and treatments to combat plant pests and noxious
weeds (as those terms are defined in section 403 of the
Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7702)) that impact
macadamia trees;
``(B) establishing an areawide integrated pest
management program in areas affected by, or areas at
risk of being affected by, invasive plant pests or
noxious weeds (as so defined);
``(C) surveying and collecting data on macadamia
tree production and health;
``(D) investigating macadamia tree biology,
immunology, ecology, genomics, and bioinformatics; and
``(E) conducting research on various factors that
may contribute to or be associated with macadamia tree
immune systems, and other serious threats to macadamia
trees, including--
``(i) the sublethal effects of
insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides on
beneficial insects and plants to macadamia tree
growth; and
``(ii) the development of mitigative and
preventative measures to improve habitat
conservation and best management practices in
macadamia tree growing regions.'';
(3) in paragraph (14)--
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (F)
as subparagraphs (C) through (G), respectively; and
(B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
following:
``(B) to review the effectiveness of current cattle
fever tick eradication efforts in preventing and
reducing the spread of cattle fever ticks;''; and
(4) by adding at the end the following:
``(21) PFAS agricultural effects research initiative.--
Research and extension grants may be made under this section
for the purposes of carrying out research relating to--
``(A) the effects of perfluoroalkyl substances and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (as those terms are defined
in section 7331(2)(B) of the PFAS Act of 2019 (15
U.S.C. 8931(2)(B))) on agricultural land used for the
production of crops and livestock, including cropland,
grassland, rangeland, pasture land, cropped woodland,
marshes, environmentally sensitive areas, and other
land related to agricultural production, as determined
by the Secretary; and
``(B) identifying methods to mitigate and remediate
the impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (as so defined).
``(22) Peanut aflatoxin research initiative.--Research and
extension grants may be made under this section for the
purposes of--
``(A) pre- and post-harvest improvements in the
peanut production, handling, and processing sectors to
improve efficiency and manage aflatoxin;
``(B) advanced curing systems to minimize moisture
variation of individual peanut kernels; and
``(C) other efforts that can lead to a reduction in
the risk of losses due to mold and potential aflatoxin
contamination in storage.
``(23) Biochar research initiative.--Research and extension
grants may be made under this section for the purposes of--
``(A) assessing the soil carbon sequestration
potential of various biochars and management systems
integrating biochar use;
``(B) understanding how to use biochar productively
to contribute to climate mitigation, crop production,
resilience to extreme weather events, ecosystem and
soil health, natural resource conservation, and farm
profitability; and
``(C) delivering science-based, region-specific,
cost-effective, and practical information to farmers,
ranchers, foresters, land reclamation managers, urban
land managers, and other land and natural resource
managers and businesses on sustainable biochar
production and application.
``(24) Spotted wing drosophila initiative.--Research and
extension grants may be made and cooperative agreements may be
entered into under this section to mitigate the negative
effects of spotted wing drosophila.
``(25) Spotted lanternfly control initiative.--Research and
extension grants may be made under this section for the
purposes of developing and disseminating research-based tools
and treatments to combat the Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma
delicatula).
``(26) Wheat resiliency initiative.--Research and extension
grants may be made under this section for the purpose of
building capacity to address emerging pest and disease
challenges to wheat production throughout the United States.
``(27) Invasive species research and extension.--Research
and extension grants may be made under this section for the
purpose of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges
and universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of
1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply methods to manage
and eradicate invasive species of plants and animals, including
through methods of biocontrol.
``(28) Advanced mechanized harvester technologies research
and extension.--
``(A) In general.--Research and extension grants
may be made under this section for the purpose of
developing and evaluating technologies to mechanize
agricultural processes.
``(B) Emphasis.--In awarding grants under
subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on
mechanizing the process for harvesting specialty crops.
``(29) Agricultural application of artificial intelligence
research and extension.--
``(A) In general.--Research and extension grants
may be made under this section for the purpose of
developing and evaluating agricultural uses of
artificial intelligence.
``(B) Emphasis.--In awarding grants under
subparagraph (A), the Secretary may place emphasis on
uses of artificial intelligence that improve specialty
crop production.
``(30) Aquaculture research and extension.--Research and
extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose
of supporting research projects at land-grant colleges and
universities (as defined in section 1404 of the National
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of
1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) to develop and apply aquaculture methods,
including through the propagation and rearing of economically
and ecologically valuable aquatic and marine species.
``(31) White oak research initiative.--
``(A) In general.--Research grants may be made
under this section to a land-grant college or
university (as defined in section 1404 of the National
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy
Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)) for the purpose of
improving white oak species resiliency, health, and
preservation.
``(B) Priorities.--In awarding grants under
subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall prioritize
research relating to the resistance of white oak to
disease, pests, heat, and drought in cultivated, new,
and old-growth white oak timber stands.
``(32) Sunflower breeding initiative.--Research and
extension grants may be made under this section for the purpose
of developing sunflower hybrids adapted for United States
growing regions.''.
(b) Pulse Crop Health Initiative.--Section 1672(e)(5) of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(e)(5))
is amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.
(c) Training Coordination for Food and Agriculture Protection.--
Section 1672(f)(5) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade
Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(f)(5)) is amended by striking ``2023'' and
inserting ``2029''.
(d) Pollinator Protection.--Section 1672(g) of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(g)) is
amended in paragraphs (1)(B), (2)(B), and (3) by striking ``2023'' each
place it appears and inserting ``2029''.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1672(h) of the Food,
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925(h)) is
amended by striking ``2023'' and inserting ``2029''.